San Diego Chinese Women With Visas Have Babies in U.s. For Citizenship

Chinese Immigration and the Chinese in the Usa

Introduction

From 1882 to 1943 the U.s.a. Government severely curtailed immigration from China to the United States. This Federal policy resulted from concern over the large numbers of Chinese who had come to the United states of america in response to the need for inexpensive labor, peculiarly for construction of the transcontinental railroad. Competition with American workers and a growing nativism brought force per unit area for restrictive action, which began with the Deed of May six, 1882 (22 Stat. 58). Passed by the 47th Congress, this law suspended clearing of Chinese laborers for ten years; permitted those Chinese in the Usa every bit of November 17, 1880, to stay, travel away, and return; prohibited the naturalization of Chinese; and created the Section half dozen exempt status for teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. These exempt classes would exist admitted upon presentation of a document from the Chinese government.

The side by side pregnant exclusionary legislation was the Act to Prohibit the Coming of Chinese Persons into the United states of america of May 1892 (27 Stat. 25). Referred to as the Geary Act, it allowed Chinese laborers to travel to Communist china and reenter the The states but its provisions were otherwise more restrictive than preceding clearing laws. This Act required Chinese to register and secure a certificate every bit proof of their right to be in the Us. Imprisonment or deportation were the penalties for those who failed to have the required papers or witnesses. Other restrictive immigration acts affecting citizens of Chinese ancestry followed. During World War 2, when China and the Us were allies, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an Human activity to Repeal the Chinese Exclusion Acts, to Plant Quotas, and for Other Purposes (57 Stat. 600-1). This Act of December 13, 1943, also lifted restrictions on naturalization. Notwithstanding until the Immigration Act of October 1965 (79 Stat. 911) numerous laws continued to have a restrictive bear on on Chinese immigration.

Certain Federal agencies were peculiarly agile in enforcing the exclusion laws. Initially the Customs Service took the atomic number 82 because of the maritime nature of immigration. In 1900 the Office of the Superintendent of Clearing, which had been established in the Department of the Treasury in 1891, became the primary bureau responsible for implementing Federal regulations mandated by the Chinese exclusion laws. This office evolved into the present Clearing and Naturalization Service (INS). Both the Chinese Bureau within the Customs Service and the Chinese Division of the INS employed "Chinese" inspectors, people designated to enforce the Chinese exclusion laws. Immigration- related decisions made past these Federal officials were sometimes appealed to Federal courts, which too heard criminal cases involving Chinese alleged to exist living in the United States illegally. Many of the records created to implement the Chinese exclusion laws are now in the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration's (NARA) Regional Athenaeum. The records are a major resource for the study of Chinese immigration and Chinese-American travel, trade, and social history from the late-19th to mid-20th century. Considering many documents relate to individual immigrants, they are invaluable for the study of Chinese and Chinese-American family history. These records document the rationale and actions of Federal officials and other persons involved with Chinese exclusion policies and the strategies and activities of Chinese and Chinese Americans who struggled against the prohibitive furnishings of those policies. Records in NARA's Regional Athenaeum are not arranged according to subject, only are kept in numbered record groups established for the Government agencies that created or received them. Although arrangement by record group (abbreviated RG) makes bailiwick access more hard at times, it preserves the organizational and contextual integrity of the records, making them more easily understood. Often records in ane record grouping can exist linked with those in another. For case, an INS case file in RG 85 may include the case file number of a related district or circuit courtroom example in RG 21 and vice versa. INS case numbers can sometimes be retrieved from data provided on passenger arrival lists in Community Service (RG 36) files. Records related to the Angel Island Clearing Station tin can be found in Public Health Service (RG 90) files.

This reference information paper is organized by Federal bureau/record group every bit follows:

• a brief history of the Federal agency that created or received the records; the Regional Archives that holds the records;
• the specific source (usually the local office of a Federal agency) of the records;
• description(southward) of the records including, whenever possible, date span, quantity, system of arrangement, availability and caption of finding aids, reference to related microfilm publications, and other data useful to researchers.

The majority of the records cited in this publication are open to the public for research. In some instances NARA is not able to provide public admission due to the Freedom of Information Human action, which exempts specific categories of information from public disclosure. Individual immigration example files relating to events more than 75 years onetime are generally open for research. Documents in case files relating to events less than 75 years one-time may be subject to privacy restrictions defined in the Freedom of Information Act. To gain admission to files restricted because of privacy concerns, researchers, including family members, can act as authorized representatives of the subject area of the file past providing NARA with evidence of the subject's consent. If the field of study of a file is deceased, protection of privacy is not applicable only researchers are asked to provide documentation of the subject's decease. NARA besides requires that a researcher provide identification, such as a valid commuter's license, earlier it provides access to original records.

A number of dissimilar series of microfilmed records are cited in the text, including National Athenaeum Microfilm Publications (designated by an Thousand or a T), microfilmed regional records bachelor just at one Regional Archives (designated by an I), and microfilm accessioned as a record copy from a Federal bureau (unnumbered).

Although only some Regional Archives have identified records from Federal district courts (RG 21), courts of appeals (RG 276), and the Customs Service (RG36), it is likely that information related to Chinese immigration, Chinese exclusion, and Chinese Americans can be located in the 12 Regional Athenaeum holding original records.

The author wishes to give thanks Nancy Malan, Regional Archives System, and the following regional athenaeum staff members for their contributions to this publication:
Kellee Blake, Eileen Bolger, Michael Brodhead, John Celardo, Suzanne Dewberry, Scott Forsythe, Bill Greene, Margaret Hacker, Don Jackanicz, Susan Karren, Laura McCarthy, Lisa Miller, Robert Morris, Dan Nealand, James Owens, Neil Thomsen, Martin Tuohy, Beverly Watkins, and Paul Wormser.

---

Commune Courts of the United States
Record Grouping 21

Administrative History
U.Southward. district and excursion courts were created by the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789. The jurisdiction and powers of these Federal courts accept varied with subsequent legislation, but district courts have been principally criminal, admiralty, and bankruptcy courts, hearing noncapital criminal proceedings, suits for penalties or seizures under Federal laws, and litigation involving an corporeality in excess of $100 in which the United States is the plaintiff. The excursion courts heard appeals from the district courts and were given exclusive original jurisdiction over actions involving aliens, suits betwixt citizens of different States, and constabulary and equity suits where the corporeality in dispute exceeded $500. In 1891 the appellate jurisdiction of the circuit courts was transferred to the newly created courts of appeals (see RG 276). The Judiciary Act of 1911 abolished the circuit courts and provided for the transfer of their records and remaining jurisdiction to the district courts.

Most States initially had one district and one circuit court with boosted districts and subdivisions created every bit the business organization of the courts increased. In 1812 excursion courts were authorized to appoint U.Due south. commissioners to help in taking bail and affidavits. Commissioners' functions were expanded by subsequent legislation and court rules. Their powers accept included authority to issue abort warrants, examine persons charged with offenses against Federal laws, initiate deportment in admiralty matters, and establish proceedings for violation of civil rights legislation.

Territorial district courts generally were established by the organic act that created the territory. They heard Federal civil, criminal, and bankruptcy actions in add-on to having ceremonious and criminal jurisdiction similar to that of Land courts. Records created by a territorial courtroom acting in its chapters equally a Federal courtroom often became the property of the Federal commune courtroom upon statehood. Occasionally these records are held by State athenaeum.

Almost court records are case files arranged by type of activeness, such as civil or criminal, and then numerically by case number. They usually include original papers issued by the courtroom or filed by attorneys, such as affidavits, complaints, decrees, depositions, exceptions, findings of fact, indictments, judgments, motions, opinions, and subpoenas. Defalcation case files may include schedules of assets and liabilities. Older example files sometimes include exhibits, though later on the 1940'south exhibits were ordinarily returned to the litigating parties upon conclusion of the proceedings. Transcripts of testimony are occasionally found. Early case files, particularly those before 1900, sometimes offer only a fragmentary record of proceedings, though information concerning a case can sometimes be institute in other sources such as court record books and published accounts.

Records of a case can usually be located by the name of the court and case number. The number tin can sometimes exist determined from docket, minute, or social club books. Docket books provide a summary of proceedings in each case; minute books are a daily, chronological record of court proceedings; and guild books provide the text of each gild or judgment. These books often have indexes to the names of the parties involved in the proceedings. Such books are not available for all courts. There is no cumulative index by subject, case proper noun, or other access point. Additional data is sometimes available from the clerk of the court where the case was heard.

Of special involvement to researchers studying Chinese-American immigration are thousands of case files relating to habeas corpus actions brought in both circuit and district courts during the late 1800's and early 1900's to contest the Chinese exclusion actions of Federal immigration officials. Courtroom cases resulting from implementation of Chinese exclusion laws are interfiled amongst other court cases from ceremonious, criminal, and admiralty courts and in court commissioners' files. Besides court proceedings, some files contain exhibits such as passports, photographs, transcripts of interrogations by immigration officials, and certificates of identity from Chinese consulates.

Criminal case files document Federal action taken against Chinese who allegedly entered the Us illegally. Case files may contain complaints, decrees, indictments, judgments, opinions, passports, photographs, subpoenas, Section half-dozen certificates from Chinese consulates, and transcripts of interrogations.

Mail-1943 naturalization documents provide information that may prove helpful to researchers of family history and other topics. (The Chinese exclusion laws barred most Chinese immigrants from becoming naturalized United States citizens during the years of exclusion.) Naturalization records kept by the Federal courts may include such documents as declarations of intention, depositions, and certificates of and petitions for naturalization.

Likewise documented in Federal courtroom files are cases relating to such matters as illegal contract labor and merchants' alleged violations of Federal tax provisions on cigars, liquor, opium, and other appurtenances. Mutual constabulary, disinterestedness, and defalcation case files provide information on the operations of businesses, some of which may accept been owned by Chinese or Chinese Americans.

The 1905 Supreme Courtroom case Usa v. Ju Toy established the Department of Commerce and Labor equally the final level of appeal and due process for immigrants and returning travelers claiming United States citizenship. Thereafter immigrants could appeal to Federal courts merely on procedural grounds. Every bit a result of this decision the number of Chinese immigration cases heard in Federal court diminished significantly.

District Court Records at
NARA's Northeast Region (Boston) in
Waltham, Massachusetts

• District of Maine, Southern Partition
  • Chinese exclusion (deportation) case files, 1901-1918 (4 inches.) The cases relate to Chinese who appealed deportation orders issued by U.Due south. commissioners. Organization varies. Some cases for the period 1901-1902 are numbered consecutively and are recorded in the general dockets. Afterward cases are arranged alphabetically by the proper noun of defendant.

District Courtroom Records at
NARA'due south Mid Atlantic Region in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• Eastern District of Pennsylvania
  • Criminal example files, 1882-1942. Finding aids include criminal case file docket books and defendant name indexes in individual docket books.

District Court Records at
NARA's Not bad Lakes Region in
Chicago, Illinois

• Western Commune of Michigan, Northern Division, Marquette
  • Declarations of intention, 1887-1909 (2 volumes, less than one cubic foot.) These declarations of intention by most 20 Chinese nationals renouncing allegiance and fidelity to Kuang Hsu, Emperor of China, provide only each individual'south proper noun, signature, nationality, and filing date. They are noteworthy because they were filed during the period when the Chinese exclusion laws prohibited the naturalization of Chinese, nevertheless the U.S. commune court in Marquette accepted them. They were filed in the rather remote Upper Peninsula of Michigan, suggesting that a certain number of Chinese were residing in the region. Finding aids include a list of annunciation numbers, names, and filing dates.

• Western District of Michigan, Southern Partition, Grand Rapids
  • Criminal case files, 1863-1966 (113 cubic anxiety.) Finding aids include a list of case numbers, each with the name of defendant, name of the Michigan town where the law-breaking was committed, filing date for the primeval document in the case file, and number of pages in the file.

District Courtroom Records at
NARA's Central Plains Region in
Kansas City, Missouri

• Northern and Southern Districts of Iowa
• Eastern and Western Districts of Missouri
• Districts of Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota
  • Criminal example files, 1890-1920 (for all districts above.)
    Finding aids include docket books containing proper name indexes of defendants.

District Court Records at
NARA's Southwest Region in
Fort Worth, Texas

• Eastern District of Louisiana, New Orleans Division
  • Full general case files, 1806-1932
  • Equity instance files related to the deportation of Chinese, 1915-1919. Docket books with indexes are available as finding aids.

• Southern District of Texas, Galveston Division
  • Index to Chinese residing in Galveston, no date. This jump volume lists Chinese who lived in Galveston and met immigration requirements for residence in the United States. The entries are bundled alphabetically by proper noun.

• Western District of Texas, El Paso Division
  • Equity case files relating to displacement of Chinese, 1892-1915
  • Disinterestedness Case Files from the Western District Court of Texas at El Paso Relating to the Chinese Exclusion Acts, 1892-1915, (M1610). Coil 1 contains an alphabetize.

District Courtroom Records at
NARA's Rocky Mountain Region in
Denver, Colorado

• New United mexican states Territory, Tertiary Judicial District
  • Mixed civil case files, 1900-1911
  • Criminal case files, 1890-1911 Docket books with indexes are available equally finding aids.

District Court Records at
NARA'due south Pacific Region (Riverside) in
Riverside, California

• Arizona Territorial Courtroom, First through Fifth Judicial Districts
  • Dockets and case files, 1882-1912. Almost cases were showtime heard by a U.Southward. commissioner. A territorial justice sanctioned the determination or heard an appeal. For cases non appealed the commissioners' dockets are the best source of information. Some dockets contain indexes.

• Arizona District Court, Globe, Phoenix, Prescott, and Tucson Divisions
  • Criminal case files, 1912-. An index is available.
  • U.S. commissioners' dockets, 1912. These dockets contain a summary of the actions taken during a hearing before a U.Due south. commissioner. They are bundled numerically by example number. Photographs of the defendants are often attached to the docket canvass.

• Southern District of California, Central Division, Los Angeles
  • General case files, 1887-1907
  • Civil and criminal case files, 1907-. Indexes are available.

• Southern Commune of California, Southern Division, San Diego
  • Criminal case files, 1929-. Cases from 1929-1952 are indexed.

District Court Records at
NARA'south Pacific Region (San Bruno) in
San Bruno, California

• U.S. Excursion Court, Northern District of California, San Francisco
  • Records of U.S. commissioners, habeas corpus cases involving Chinese, 1884-1893
  • Ceremonious and appellate example files, 1863-1911. Several example files document actions brought by Chinese Americans to contest declared discriminatory policies of the City and County of San Francisco. Indexes to the names of the parties involved are available on microfiche.

• U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, San Francisco
  • Admiralty (private) case files, 1851-1955. Indexes are bachelor on microfiche. Related records include microfilm number I 19, Memorandum books, habeas corpus cases, 1882-1906. This microfilm reproduces 5 registers, arranged numerically by case number, of habeas corpus cases in admiralty files. The registers list the name of the petitioner, place of detention, name of the attorney, and terminal disposition of the petition. They are non indexed.
  • Habeas corpus case tape book, 1892-1899.
  • Petition and record of naturalization, 1907-
    Index to Naturalization in the U.S. Commune Court for the Northern District of California, 1852-c. 1989, M1744

• U.Southward. District Courtroom, District of Hawaii, Honolulu
  Records of the Territorial Court, in existence until 1959, are included.
  • Application for writ of habeas corpus case files, 1900-1952
  • Habeas corpus docket books, 1900-1959
  • Chinese displacement case files, 1927-1940
  • Chinese deportation docket book, 1927-1940
  • Naturalization case files, 1927-1959

District Court Records at
NARA's Pacific Alaska Region (Seattle) in
Seattle, Washington

• U.S. Circuit and District Courts in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington
  • Civil, criminal, and U.Southward. commissioner case files, 1860-1942. Habeas corpus cases, appeals of INS rulings, cases relating to the failure to register equally a Chinese resident of the United States and receive a certificate of identity and other criminal activity including smuggling, and some civil cases involving Chinese defendants and plaintiffs. Oregon cases are filed nether judgment roll number rather than docket number. Finding aids include docket books and plaintiff and defendant indexes.

---

Bureau of the Census
Record Group 29

The holdings of each Regional Archives include microfilm copies of the U.S. population demography for all States from 1790 through 1920. The censuses provide information nigh residents of organized Chinese communities in the United States every bit well every bit Chinese individuals and families living exterior these communities. Indexes are available for almost demography records. Soundex indexes, based on the manner a name sounds rather than its spelling, exist for the 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920 censuses.

---

U.S. Customs Service
Record Group 36

Authoritative History
The Customs Service, created past an human activity of July 31, 1789, became part of the Department of the Treasury when that section was established in September 1789. The Service enforced numerous laws and regulations pertaining to the import and export of merchandise, collected tonnage taxes, controlled the entrance and clearance of vessels and shipping, regulated vessels involved in the coastwise and fishing trades, and protected passengers. The Agency of Community was established on March iii, 1927, to supervise these activities, and in 1942 it assumed the responsibilities of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation relating to the registering, enrolling, licensing, and admeasurement of merchant vessels. These responsibilities were transferred to the Coast Baby-sit in 1967.

The human action that established the Community Service in 1789 also provided for the cosmos of collection districts in various coastal, inland, river, and Swell Lakes ports. A collector of customs in each district collected customs revenue; enforced community and neutrality laws; and administered aspects of commerce, immigration, and navigation laws, such as the documentation of vessels and protection of American seamen and passengers

Prior to 1900, when the INS assumed enforcement of the Chinese exclusion laws, the collector of customs was involved in administering the Chinese exclusion policy. Correspondence and policy records document the activities and opinions of community officials who carried out these duties.

Customs Service Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (Riverside) in
Riverside, California

• Los Angeles Collection District
  • Letters sent, 1882-1918
  • Incoming letters, 1883-1908.
    These letters relate to a variety of authoritative actions. Letters specifically relating to the Chinese reflect business concern that aliens were being smuggled from Mexico to California via ships landing near Santa Barbara. They are bundled chronologically in volumes, some of which are indexed past subject or addressee.

• San Diego Drove District
  • Outgoing messages, 1885-1909. Messages sent regarding the Revenue Cutter Service, 1894-1913
  • Special agents' letters sent, 1885-1909
  • Letters received from the Treasury Department, 1881-1919
  • Special agents' messages received, 1894-1909. Many of these letters concern the enforcement of the Chinese exclusion laws.

• San Diego Drove District, Calexico (California) Office
  • Outgoing letters, 1904-1916
  • Incoming messages, 1902-1916.
    Calexico was established as an entry point along the border with Mexico. Well-nigh of the incoming messages concerning Chinese immigration chronicle to the capture of individuals who attempted to cross the border illegally. They are arranged chronologically.

• San Diego Drove District, Campo (California) Part
  • Correspondence of the deputy collector in accuse. Situated merely n of the border with United mexican states, the Campo office's primary duty was to regulate traffic crossing the border. The correspondence reflects concern nigh Chinese inbound the Usa illegally and discusses an investigation of members of the Campo Chinese customs.

Customs Service Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (San Bruno) in
San Bruno, California

• San Francisco Drove District
  • Letters sent to the Secretary of the Treasury, 1869-1912 (seventy volumes, 9 cubic feet.) The records chronicle to all drove district functions and to local and regional political and economical matters, such as the Chinese Exclusion Human action of 1882 and the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. They are bundled chronologically by date sent.
  • Letters received from the Function of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1895-1912 (sixty volumes, 13 linear anxiety.) Bundled chronologically past appointment sent. Nearly volumes after 1886 are indexed alphabetically by name of addressee.
  • Letters received, 1894-1928 (250 volumes, 43 linear feet.) Messages received from U.S. and foreign customs offices; other Federal agencies such as the Consular Service and the INS; and merchants, brokers, and steamship companies. Arranged chronologically by appointment received.
  • Letters sent to other Federal agencies and to the general public, 1895-1915 (38 volumes, iii linear feet.) Bundled chronologically by date sent and indexed alphabetically by name of addressee.

Customs Service Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (Seattle) in
Seattle, Washington

• Puget Audio Collection District
  • Letters received from "Chinese" inspectors, 1897-1902.
  • Addressee files of letters sent re: Chinese and immigrants, 1898-1900
  • Annals of Chinese laborers departing from the United States, 1882-1888. Bundled chronologically.
  • Records of A.L. Blake pertaining to community activities in Port Townsend, Washington, 1881-1884 (5 volumes, iii linear inches.) This series includes a journal with entries dating from August 13, 1881, to December 20, 1884, and a letterpress book containing a xiv-page letter dated 1887. The journal, compiled by Blake when he served as deputy collector of community in Port Townsend, contains brief entries focusing on conditions observations, dates and names of ships arriving and parting, reports of opium smuggling, and rumors of illegal entry past Chinese. Blake'south 1887 letter alleges decadent practices past iv employees of the Community Service at Port Townsend.

---

Immigration and Naturalization Service
Record Grouping 85

Authoritative History The Part of Superintendent of Clearing was established in the Department of the Treasury by an deed of March 3, 1891, and was designated a bureau in 1895 with responsibility for administering the alien contract-labor laws. In 1903 it became part of the Section of Commerce and Labor. Functions relating to naturalization were added in 1906 and it was renamed the Agency of Immigration and Naturalization. In 1913 it was transferred to the Department of Labor equally two separate Bureaus of Immigration and of Naturalization, which were reunited past Executive Order on June 10, 1933, to form the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The INS, which became role of the Department of Justice in 1940, administers laws relating to admission, exclusion, deportation, and naturalization of foreign nationals; patrols U.s. borders; and supervises naturalization in designated Federal courts.

Many of NARA's Regional Archives concur INS records created primarily during enforcement of the Chinese exclusion laws, 1882-1943. Although the acts were repealed in 1943, some case files may contain correspondence and other documents dated equally late every bit the 1960's. Most case files relate to Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans parting and reentering the Usa, only there are also files for other immigrants who came under the jurisdiction of the Chinese exclusion laws (such every bit Japanese, Koreans, and Filipinos). Laws and provisions passed after 1943, such as the "Confession Plan," which allowed Chinese who had committed fraud to enter the country before September 1957 to confess to the immigration regime and adjust or correct their status, generated records that may likewise be independent in these files.

Cognition of the various exclusion laws fosters an understanding of the types of records generated. Different laws required unlike forms and documents. Diverse acts suspended immigration of Chinese laborers, permitted reentry of certain Chinese laborers who left the United States temporarily, created the Section vi exempt status, and permitted entry of wives and children of "legally domiciled aliens."

The San Francisco convulsion and fire had a major bear on on the course of the Chinese exclusion hierarchy. The events of Apr 18, 1906, destroyed the Hall of Records, including vital records of births, marriages, and deaths. Because these records were destroyed, a legal Chinese resident who requested permission from the INS to return to China to bring back his family might claim to have more than children than he actually did. He would receive the paperwork allowing their immigration, use what he needed for his own family unit, and use or sell the extra "slots" to bring in nonimmediate family members, other village residents, or strangers. These individuals became known as "paper sons."

As INS officials became aware of the existence of "newspaper sons," they adult the interrogation process to block their entry into the United states, making it more difficult for legal immigrants to enter the country. The transcripts of these interrogations, establish in many Chinese immigration files, add to the documentation for each immigrant and give a broad view of their family unit and the customs left backside in Communist china.

Merchants were exempt from exclusion. A man who could testify his merchant status could obtain a merchant's document, allowing him to travel between China and the Us and the Territory of Hawaii. This status also allowed him to bring in his wife and family if he could provide proof of relationship. The records generated by the merchant certificate application procedure include the merchant'southward testimony and passport, testimony of Caucasian business colleagues or customers, partnership lists, and photographs.

A 1900 constabulary required all Chinese in Hawaii to register and obtain a certificate of residence. To obtain this certificate the applicant had to submit to an investigation at the INS office. Proof of naturalization by the kingdom of Hawaii or a certificate of Hawaiian birth before the islands came under Usa territorial condition in 1900, or a special birth certificate for Chinese born in Hawaii after 1900, were used to acquire this certificate of residency and citizenship.

A typical Chinese clearing case file contains information such equally the subject's name, place and appointment of nativity, concrete appearance, occupation, names and relationships of other family members, and family history. Specific INS proceedings are too documented. Because of the nature of INS investigations, case files provide links to file numbers for related cases, including those for other family members.

The files may contain certificates of identity and residency; correspondence; coaching materials used by "paper sons;" INS findings, recommendations, and decisions; maps of immigrant family residences and villages in China; original marriage certificates; individual and family photographs; transcripts of INS interrogations and special boards of inquiry; and witnesses' statements and affidavits. Prior to 1944 each INS commune office adult its own filing systems. Keys exist for only a few of the offices.

To locate a instance file a researcher must know the proper name the immigrant or traveler used on the papers. This may differ from the bodily or commonly used name. Having the name in Chinese helps to verify the name on the file. INS officials often did not understand the system of Chinese names and sometimes reversed family unit and personal names. Forms of address, marital status, or respect such as Ah or Shee were taken to be actual names and listed on the index as such. In some cases officials misheard, misunderstood, or misspelled the actual name. In other cases Chinese names were converted to Hawaiian names for phonetic reasons, such as Chung to Akuna. Case files are unlikely to exist for Chinese who arrived in the Us earlier 1882 and never left and for Chinese Americans born in the United states of america who never left.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA's Northeast Region (Boston) in
Waltham, Massachusetts

• Boston District Part
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1911-1955 (183 cubic feet.) The files are bundled numerically by instance number. A proper name index is available.
  • Certificate of citizenship files, 1944-1954 (11/two cubic feet.) Arranged numerically by file number.
  • Subport Chinese displacement files, 1947-1955 (41/2 cubic feet.) These files consist of records from suboffices in Gloucester and Springfield, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; and Hartford, Connecticut. They chronicle mainly to investigations and procedures for deporting Chinese seamen, students, and teachers who had been admitted on temporary visas and had not returned to Red china when their visas expired, or to people attempting to extend their visas. The files are arranged past subport and thereunder past case number.

• Montreal District Role
  • Chinese case files, 1900-1952 (13 cubic feet.) The files relate mainly to U.S. citizens of Chinese descent who planned to travel abroad and who applied for preinvestigation of their claimed status as U.s. citizens and then that they could return without problems. Other files relate to Chinese who applied for temporary visas to attend school or teach and businessmen and merchants intending to conduct business organization. The files are arranged by case number. A proper noun index is available.

Clearing and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA'southward Northeast Region (New York) in
New York, New York

• New York District Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1880-1960 (252 cubic feet.) Finding aids include a database listing name, aliases, hometown, occupation, port of entry, and other details. Names are in English language and Chinese, the latter using the 4 corner coding system that translates Chinese characters into iv-digit numbers. The files are arranged by instance number.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA's Mid Atlantic Region in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• Philadelphia District Office (District 4)
  • Case files of Chinese immigrants, 1900-1923 (57 cubic feet.) Files on resident Chinese laborers and merchants of Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, Westward Virginia, and Delaware. Among the files are lists of Chinese seaman on vessels arriving at Philadelphia, a special demography of Chinese taken in 1905, and administrative records. The records are bundled numerically past instance number, 1 through 3415, with gaps. This series is as well available every bit Case Files of Chinese Immigrants, 1895-1920, From District No. iv (Philadelphia) of the Clearing and Naturalization Service, M1144 (51 rolls).
  • Letters sent from "Chinese" inspectors, 1895-1903 (6 volumes.) Letterpress copies of letters from "Chinese" inspectors to the Function of the Collector of Customs for Philadelphia. They relate to the administration of the Chinese exclusion laws, particularly the enforcement of the provision of the convention of December 8, 1894, for the reentry of certain classes of Chinese laborers. The records are bundled chronologically.
  • Letters sent concerning Chinese, 1904-1911 (12 volumes.) Letterpress copies of outgoing letters, chiefly to the office of the commissioner general of the Immigration Service, the collector of community for Philadelphia, "Chinese" inspectors, and individuals of Chinese ancestry. They concern the administration of Chinese exclusion laws and regulations, including matters relating to entry, detention, arrest, and deportation; requests of Chinese for certificates of residence; and instructions to inspectors concerning the handling of Chinese appeal cases. Besides included are copies of testimony taken in entreatment cases apropos unlawful entry into the United States. The records are arranged chronologically.
  • Register of Chinese cases, 1897-1903 (half dozen volumes.) The register lists name, occupation, date, case number, and decision rendered by the Immigration Office apropos deportations. The cases are bundled alphabetically by proper noun.
  • Official diary relating to Chinese cases, 1903-1904 (1 volume.) The diary includes entries for letters sent and received relating to Chinese cases; ships boarded that employed Chinese crewmen; visitors, both Chinese and others, such as attorneys and business assembly, to the commune role; and activity taken on Chinese cases. It is arranged chronologically.
  • Reports of boarding officers of vessels with Chinese crews, 1912-1915. The reports evidence name of vessel; nationality; proper noun of master; where and when the vessel was boarded; port of origin; number of passengers; number of Chinese crewmen; and name of boarding officer. The reports are bundled chronologically.
  • Requests for investigations of Chinese desiring to leave the The states, 1895-1903. Letters from the Office of the Collector of Community asking that the Chinese inspector investigate Chinese who had practical for permission to leave the United States for a visit away. The letters include the names, occupations, and addresses of persons requesting permission to exit, and are arranged chronologically.
  • Daily reports of Chinese cases investigated, 1909-1911. Investigations of show submitted by Chinese applicants for admission and of laborers' return certificates, likewise equally acting determination of status, were reported daily to the Bureau'south key part. The reports provide the proper noun of the part and the name, class of exemption, and port of entry of each private beingness investigated. They are arranged chronologically.
  • Miscellaneous records relating to Chinese cases, 1900-1911. Regulations governing passage of individuals through the United States; the expense business relationship of the "Chinese" inspector; personal messages confiscated by the Bureau; Chinese seamen's identification cards; drafts of the special census of Chinese (1904) for West Virginia; and uncaptioned photographs.
  • Identification papers of Chinese appearing at the Philadelphia Exposition of 1899, 1899. Identification papers were given to individuals sent by the Chinese Government to participate in its exhibit at the Philadelphia Exposition. The individual's name, age, height, physical description, occupation, and place of residence are listed, and a photograph is attached.

• Baltimore Commune Office (District 5)
  • Instance files of Chinese immigrants, 1904-1940 (5 cubic feet.) The files typically include correspondence with the primal and district offices of the INS, the Community Service, and private citizens relating to the access, exclusion, and difference of Chinese laborers, merchants, students, and seamen. They are arranged past file number.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA'south Great Lakes Region in
Chicago, Illinois

• Chicago District Role (including suboffices in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Gary, Indiana)
  • Correspondence of the Chinese Division, 1893-1924 (8 cubic feet.) Letters received and letters sent by inspectors engaged in the enforcement of Chinese immigration laws. They are arranged numerically, 1/1 through 27/19, in a subject-numeric arrangement.
  • Chinese example files, 1898-1940 (66 cubic feet.) Arranged numerically by file number.

• St. Paul District Office
  • Chinese case files, 1906-1942 (10 cubic anxiety). Arranged consecutively past fiscal yr and thereunder numerically.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA's Southwest Region in
Fort Worth, Texas

• El Paso District Office (District 15)
  • Testimony of Chinese arrested for illegally inbound the Us, May-July 1907 (1 inch.) Letterpress copies of transcripts of testimony. Bundled chronologically by date testimony was taken by an clearing inspector. Formerly entry 238, book 12, field records, INS.
  • Descriptive list of Chinese deported from Arizona, 1907-1908 (two inches.) Forms entitled Clarification of Chinese Person Deported that were completed by the Tucson office. Each form gives the name, height, color of optics, complexion, identification marks, date of displacement order, date actually deported, signature of inspector, and a photograph of the deported person. Bundled numerically by number assigned to form. Indexed alphabetically past name of deportee. Formerly entry 242, field records, INS.
  • Investigative instance files on Chinese persons, 1909-1953 (two cubic feet.)
    The files comprise correspondence, applications of American-born Chinese persons to go out the United Sates temporarily (Form 430), and forms describing Chinese persons who were deported (Form 535). They relate to the residential condition of Chinese, requests for duplicate residency certificates, and investigations for citizenship, deportation, and smuggling. Arranged numerically. An appendix contains the names of the persons investigated.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA'south Pacific Region (Riverside) in
Riverside, California

• Los Angeles District Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1893-1943 (159 linear feet.) Bundled by various filing codes. An index is available.

• Bakersfield (California) Local Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts example files, 1899-1955 (less than two linear feet)

• Calexico (California) Local Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1920-1968 (78 linear feet)

• Los Angeles Local Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1932-1950 (28 linear feet)

• Nogales (Arizona) Local Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1922-1944 (less than 1 linear foot)

• San Diego Local Role
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1911-1976 (4 linear feet)

• San Pedro (California) Local Role
  • Chinese exclusion acts instance files, 1894-1965 (78 linear anxiety.) All local office case files listed above are arranged by case file number. Indexes are available.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (San Bruno) in
San Bruno, California

• San Francisco District Function
  • Arrival investigation case files, 1884-1944 (1,060 cubic feet.) Most early files document the investigation of people arriving from China to make up one's mind their eligibility for access under the Chinese exclusion laws. By the early 20th century the scope of individuals investigated expanded to include people arriving from India, Nippon (particularly picture brides), Korea, and other Asian countries, and Russia.
  • Chinese partnership case files, 1894-1944 (40 cubic feet.) Maps of some Chinatowns in California, descriptions of business concern activities, photographs, and lists of business concern partners. Arranged by file numbers representing cities (by and large California) or, in the case of San Francisco, street names. Indexed on microfilm.
  • Case files of investigations not resulting in warrant proceedings in the San Francisco District and investigations within the San Francisco District at the request of other service offices, 1912-1950 (xvi cubic feet.) Instance files of individuals investigated for possible immigration fraud.
  • Case files of immigration fraud investigations, 1914-1924 (2 cubic feet.) Materials from the Vauer and Densmore Investigations. Included are village maps, extensive family unit genealogies, photographic logs of recent deportees, rider lists, interrogations of immigrants and suspect INS employees, and coaching papers.
  • Passport and travel control files, 1918-1924 (one cubic foot)
  • Render certificate awarding case files of Chinese departing, 1912-1944 (275 cubic feet)
  • Return certificate application case files of natives departing, 1903-1912 (7 cubic feet)
  • Return certificate awarding example files of lawfully domiciled laborers departing, 1903-1912 (2 cubic feet)
  • Render certificate application case files of lawfully domiciled merchants, teachers, and students departing, 1903-1912 (3 cubic feet)
  • Return document application instance files of Chinese departing, 1894-1912 (18 cubic feet)
  • Case files of investigations resulting in warrant proceedings, 1912-1950 (six cubic feet.) Case files of individuals arrested and held for deportation.
  • General immigration case files, 1944-1955 (254 cubic anxiety)
    All San Francisco District Office case files listed to a higher place are arranged by instance file number. A database to the instance files is existence compiled.
  • Authoritative records (3 cubic anxiety.) General correspondence, 1915-1941; historical files relating to Angel Island, 1894-1941; boat files, 1911-1941, containing information nearly vessels used to ferry staff members and immigrants from Angel Isle to San Francisco; telephone cable files, 1910-1940; and construction and maintenance files, 1912-1913.
  • Document of identity books, 1909-1936 (1/2 cubic pes)

  Microfilmed Records

  • Full general alphabetize to immigration case files, c. 1910-1979 (unnumbered microfilm.) Index to the arrival investigation example files, 1884-1944.
  • San Francisco Chinese mortuary records, 1870-1933 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Certificates of identity for Chinese residents, 1909-c. 1946 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Records of war brides with children, 1946-1948 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Register of Chinese difference case files, 1912-1943 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Records of miscellaneous [Chinese] immigration cases from other ports, 1911-1912 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Registers of Chinese departing from and returning to the Us, 1882-1908 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Passenger lists of Chinese, 1897-1905 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Registers of alien students admitted under the Clearing Act of 1924, 1924-1946 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Alphabetize of court certificates related to Chinese, c. 1885-1905 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Records of natives [Usa-born Chinese Americans] departing,1909-1913 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Alphabetical alphabetize of Chinese partnerships in and outside of San Francisco, California, no date (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Daily records of applications [by Chinese laborers] for return certificates, 1903-1912 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Daily records of applications [past Chinese merchants, students, and teachers] for return certificates, 1903-1912 (unnumbered microfilm)
  • Register of "Chinese" partnerships in California, 1894-c.1940 (unnumbered microfilm.) Microfilm of the menu file register provides case file numbers of the Chinese partnership case files, 1894-1944. Information technology is arranged past city (mostly in California) and thereunder alphabetically past business name. Entries for San Francisco are arranged past street name and thereunder numerically past business organization address.
  • Minutes of Boards of Special Inquiry at the San Francisco Immigration Offices, 1899-1909 (M1387)
  • Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving in San Francisco, California, 1893-1953 (M1410.) These passenger arrival lists are a key to the instance files. The case file numbers are equanimous of the arrival number given to a ship entering the port of San Francisco followed by the ticket number or, afterward 1910, manifest page number and line number.
  • Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving in San Francisco, California, 1954-1957 (M1411)
  • Customs Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving in San Francisco, California, 1903-1918 (M1412)
  • Registers of Chinese Laborers Returning to the Usa through the Port of San Francisco, 1882-1888 (M1413)
  • Lists of Chinese Passengers Arriving in San Francisco, California, 1882-1914 (M1414)
  • Admitted Conflicting Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving in San Francisco, California, 1896-1921 (M1436)
  • Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at San Francisco, California, from Insular Possessions, 1907-1911 (M1438)
  • Lists of U.S. Citizens Arriving at San Francisco, California, 1930-1949 (M1439)
  • Lists of Chinese Applying for Admission to the United States through the Port of San Francisco, 1903-1947 (M1476)
  • Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at San Francisco, California, from Honolulu, Hawaii, 1902-1907 (M1494)

• San Francisco District Suboffices at Fresno, Oakland, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, California, and Honolulu, Hawaii (viii cubic feet)
  • General immigration case files, 1944-1955 (for Honolulu, 1944-1949)

• Honolulu District Role
  The Honolulu Office was function of Commune 13 (San Francisco) from 1944 to 1949. It became the District 17 headquarters in Apr 1949. Finding aids include an index to the case files bundled alphabetically by name.
  • Letters sent by the chief clearing officer, 1903-1904 (1 cubic pes)
  • Chinese immigration case files, 1903-1915 (37 cubic feet)
  • Certificates of citizenship, 1926-1955 (28 cubic feet.) Bundled chronologically in two groups, 1926-1928 and 1929-1955, and thereunder arranged past certificate number.
  • Example files of Chinese applicants for admission equally U.S. citizens, 1916-1942 (84 cubic feet)
  • Applications for render certificates of lawfully domiciled Chinese laborers, 1916-1938 (54 cubic feet)
  • Case files of U.S. citizens of Chinese beginnings applying for certificates of citizenship Hawaiian Islands, departing to the continental U.S. or foreign destinations, 1924-1942 (59 cubic anxiety)
  • Case files of Chinese applicants for merchants' return permits, 1912-1934 (8 cubic feet)
  • Landing statements, 1903-1924, 1946-1959 (35 cubic anxiety.) Transcripts of interrogations during which immigrants were asked nigh themselves and their relatives. Arranged chronologically by date of entry.
  • Full general immigration case files, 1944-1948 (26 cubic anxiety)
  • Full general immigration case files, 1949-1954 (31 cubic feet)
  • Register of Chinese confession cases, 1957-1968 (1 book.) The register lists individual names and case file numbers chronologically by appointment of instance.
  • Index to applicants for reissuance of certificates of identity, c. 1903-1910 (one cubic pes)
  • Case files of arrest warrants and deportation orders, 1913-1942 (two cubic anxiety)
  • Applications for certificate of citizenship Hawaiian Islands, 1924-1941 (2 cubic feet)
  • Instance files of nonimmigrants admitted as students, teachers, and ministers, 1917-1938 (two cubic anxiety)
  • Case files of Chinese applicants for access as wives of merchants, teachers, and ministers, 1916-1939 (4 cubic anxiety)
  • Example files of Chinese applicants for access as wives of native-born U.S. citizens of Chinese ancestry, 1916-1940 (2 cubic feet)
  • Case files of Chinese applicants for access as children of Chinese merchants, teachers, and ministers, 1913-1938 (three cubic feet)
  • Case files of Chinese applicants for admission equally children of native-built-in U.Southward. citizens of Chinese ancestry, 1916-1926 (two cubic feet)
  • Case files of Chinese applicants for access every bit wives and/or children of Chinese naturalized under the Hawaiian Kingdom and pre-examination of status of Chinese claiming such naturalization, 1919-1925 (two cubic anxiety)
  • Visa instance files of Chinese applicants for admission as Section half-dozen students, teachers, and travelers, 1916-1942 (vii cubic feet)
  • Visa case files ofSection 6 Chinese applicants to proceed to the continental U.S., 1917-1942 (1 cubic foot)
  • Case files of applicants for duplicate certificates of [Hawaiian] residence, 1921-1938 (1/ii cubic pes)
  • Case files of applicants for duplicate certificates of identity, 1920-1942 (one/ii cubic foot)
  • Case files of Filipino applicants for certificates of citizenship Hawaiian Islands, 1934-1944 (6 cubic feet)

  Microfilmed Records

  • Records of the Chung Shin Tong, Lung Doo Section, c. 1943-1951 (unnumbered microfilm.) Bundled past blazon of record (membership lists, membership receipts, or minute books), thereunder chronologically by twelvemonth.
  • Alien crew lists of vessels arriving at Honolulu, 1902-1908 (unnumbered microfilm)

Immigration and Naturalization Service Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (Seattle) in
Seattle, Washington

• Seattle District Office
  • Chinese exclusion acts case files, 1895-1943 (650 cubic feet.) Bundled by part or suboffice (including Helena, Montana; Port Townsend, Seattle [ii subseries], and Sumas, Washington; and Vancouver, British Columbia, where the The states delegate maintained some records) and thereunder past case number. The numbering systems are unique to each office or suboffice. A database index is being compiled list name, aliases, hometown, occupation, port of entry, date and place of birth, and other details. Dates of instance files vary with the office.
  • List of Chinese certificates of identity issued, 1911-1938. The list contains the person's name, certificate number, city of residence, and section of the law nether which admitted. It is arranged by document of identity number, which corresponds roughly to date of upshot.
  • Tape of arrivals and dispositions of Chinese persons, 1903-1942 (27 cubic feet.) Arranged by office or suboffice (Seattle and Sumas, Washington; Vancouver, British Columbia) and thereunder chronologically. Dates vary with each function. Registers listing the proper noun and date of inflow, proper noun of the ship, disposition of the case, legal status of immigrant (for case, merchant, pupil, minor kid of citizen), and place of residence in the U.Southward. These volumes can be used to identify case numbers.

• Portland Commune Function
  • Chinese exclusion acts instance files, 1891-1943 (84 cubic feet.) Arranged in 2 groups, 1891-1914 and 1915-1943. The commencement grouping is bundled past type of file (returning, landed, refused, miscellaneous) and thereunder past file number; the 2nd group is arranged by file number. There is a box contents list for the first group of records.
  • Clearing and Naturalization Service Case Files of Chinese Immigrants, Portland, Oregon, 1890-1914, M1638, may be a useful finding assistance.
  • Testimony of witnesses, 1893-1894. These volumes incorporate cursory synopses of testimony for "returning merchant Chinese." The testimony usually relates to business associations and confirmation of identity. Marginal comments usually indicate the disposition of the case (admitted or rejected). The records are bundled chronologically with indexes in the forepart of the volumes.
  • Partnership books, 1890-1901. The volumes vary in content just most contain data about businesses in Oregon and some take data on businesses throughout the Pacific Northwest. Some volumes point partners' inflow dates, whether refused or admitted, and their business concern relationships. The volumes are bundled alphabetically past the name of the company.
  • Arrest book listing Chinese, 1903-1941. This volume was maintained by the "Chinese" inspector and lists those Chinese arrested for diverse offenses but primarily for alleged violations of the Chinese exclusion acts. The case number for the person arrested is usually provided. The volume is arranged past date of arrest with an index at the front of the volume.
  • Registers of departing merchants and laborers, 1882-1899. These volumes include the certificate of identity number, proper name, place of terminal residence, occupation, and vessel and date on which the person departed. Some entries signal whether the person returned and list the date and vessel. The volumes are arranged chronologically by date of difference. These volumes appear to accept been created by the Community Service in Portland simply were then transferred to the INS. Like volumes exist for Seattle amid the records of the U.S. Community Service (RG 36).
  • List of Chinese landed and refused in Astoria [Oregon] and Portland, 1893-1903. These volumes list arriving Chinese and sometimes include the proper name of the business with which they were affiliated; the name of the ship on which they arrived; the last place of residence in the United States, if returning from abroad; and certificate of identity number. The records are arranged by appointment of arrival.

---

Public Health Service, 1912-1968
Record Group 90

Administrative History
The Public Health Service, originally called the Marine Hospital Service, had its origins in an human activity of July 16, 1798, which authorized hospitals for the care of sick and disabled American merchant seamen. The scope of its activities was greatly expanded by subsequent legislation. It was part of the Section of the Treasury from 1798 to 1939, the Federal Security Agency from 1939 to 1953, the Section of Health, Education, and Welfare in 1953, and the Department of Health and Human Services in 1979.
The Public Health Service operates marine hospitals, hospitals for specific diseases, medical facilities for Federal penal institutions, quarantine and wellness stations, and research institutions and laboratories. It disseminates health information and conducts research in the cause, prevention, and control of affliction.

Public Health Service Records at
NARA'due south Pacific Region (San Bruno) in
San Bruno, California

• San Francisco Quarantine Station, Affections Island, California
  In 1896 a San Francisco Board of Health ruling led to an action remanding all Chinese and Japanese passengers on incoming ships to the station. The records business organization primarily full general station assistants and operations rather than individual immigrants.
  • Correspondence, 1890-1926 (seventy volumes, 12 cubic feet.) Several series of letters sent or received, some in letterpress copy books. Arranged chronologically. Binder lists are available, and a few of the letterpress books are indexed by the names of correspondents.
  • General authoritative files, 1918-1948 (xv cubic anxiety.) The records concern Chinese and other ethnic groups and routine operations and administrative matters at the quarantine station and. Included are lists submitted by steamship lines for medical certification of passengers. The files are arranged alphabetically by field of study. A binder title list is available.

---

United States Attorneys
Tape Group 118

Administrative History
The Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789, made provision for U.S. attorneys appointed by the president. U.S. attorneys accept functioned under the general supervision of the Department of Justice since its creation in 1870. They investigate violations of Federal criminal laws, nowadays testify to grand juries, prosecute Federal criminal cases, and serve equally the Federal Government'due south attorney in civil litigation in which the United States is a party or has an interest.

U.S. Attorneys Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (San Bruno) in
San Bruno, California

• Northern District of California, Southern Partition (San Francisco)
  • Civil, criminal, and appeals cases concerning immigration, 1905-1942 (4 cubic feet)

---

U.S. Courts of Appeals
Record Group 276

Administrative History
The courts of appeals are intermediate courts created past an act of March three, 1891, to relieve the Supreme Courtroom from considering all appeals in cases originally decided by Federal trial courts. They review final and certain interlocutory decisions of district courts (see RG 21) except where the law provides for direct review by the Supreme Court. They besides review orders of Federal authoritative bodies such equally the Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Labor Relations Lath.
The records include example files of appeals past defendants charged with violation of the Chinese exclusion laws. Case files may comprise copies of complaints, decrees, indictments, judgments, opinions, subpoenas, transcripts of interrogations, and other supporting documents. The files are arranged consecutively by case number, with cases involving Chinese interfiled with other types of cases. There is no separate serial of appeals for cases involving Chinese.

Courts of Appeals Records at
NARA'south Mid Atlantic Region in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• 3rd Excursion, with jurisdiction over Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
  • Criminal appeals, 1882-1942. Docket books, with plaintiff and defendant indexes available in each volume.

Courts of Appeals Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (San Bruno)in
San Bruno, California

• 9th Circuit, with jurisdiction over Alaska, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, the Mariana Islands, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.
  • Appellate case files, 1891-1969

---

Usa Marshals Service
Tape Grouping 527

Administrative History
The Judiciary Human action of September 24, 1789, made provision for U.Due south. marshals appointed by the president. They accept functioned under the general supervision of the Department of Justice since its cosmos in 1870.
U.Southward. marshals execute and serve writs, processes, and orders issued by U.S. courts, U.S. commissioners or magistrates, and commissions. They also notify the Section of Justice of defiance of Federal say-so.

U.S. Marshals Service Records at
NARA's Groovy Lakes Region in
Chicago, Illinois

• Indiana, Southern Commune
  • Correspondence regarding Chinese immigration cases, 1905-1915 (1 volume, less than 1 cubic pes.) Reports summarizing actions taken in Chinese immigration cases, both before and after the issuance of orders for deportation, and correspondence with the Commissioner General of Immigration concerning Chinese clearing matters. The records are arranged in crude chronological order.

U.S. Marshals Service Records at
NARA's Pacific Region (San Bruno)
San Bruno, California

• Northern District of California, San Francisco
  • Correspondence, 1874-1919 (54 cubic feet.) Diverse series of letters sent and received, some in letterpress books, arranged by type of document and thereunder roughly chronologically. The records relate to all aspects of U.Due south. marshal activities, including Chinese immigration and exclusion cases and declared criminal matters. For instance, in that location are messages regarding care of Chinese deported on ships owned by the Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company, Chinese detained as witnesses on Alcatraz Island, Chinese being discharged from prison, and advertisements for sale of opium. These messages are interfiled with all other letters. Indexes by name of contributor, and a fractional list of letters concerning Chinese cases, are available for some records.

mccallthenandtor.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.archives.gov/research/chinese-americans/guide

Share this post